Violence Exposure: Perspectives, Gender Differences and Outcomes

Perceptions of vulnerability to violence and crime may be affected by differential exposure to risk and by individual, social and contextual factors. As such, this compilation begins by discussing the structural vulnerability associated with young students and analyzing studies that examine the perceptions of this specific population with respect to crime and victimization. Following this, a systematic review of the literature on the prevalence of violence in couples with homosexual orientation is provided, and the risk factors present in these relationships are addressed. The authors maintain that accurate scientific studies regarding the characteristics and risk factors for IPV in same-sex relationships are necessary in order to reduce prevalence and work on prevention. In one study, the potential impact of six different forms of childhood maltreatment on dispositional mindfulness development is analyzed. A number of parental relationship and resiliency protective factors were also added to the analysis. Survey respondents in this college sample completed indices of dispositional mindfulness, childhood maltreatment, parental relationship qualities, and resiliency factors. Conceptual frameworks are systemised and supported by empirical data related to the impact of child's exposure to different harmful situations in order to highlight the co-occurrence of multiple forms of violence throughout the life cycle. The authors intend to discuss the importance of interventions based on risk analysis and management, as well as on protective factors that contribute to the child's well-being. Next, based on empirical research conducted with children victims of domestic violence, the authors examine their experiences and perspectives of domestic violence and the role played by shelters. Implications for intervention and public policies are discussed. The concluding paper presents and discusses the results of an investigation into the depression indicators in Brazilian children and youths, victims of physical violence and/or intrafamilial sexual abuse. The sample was comprised of 1,253 participants, aged 6 to 16 years, 55.2% of which females and 48.2% males.