The Bower Atmosphere

B. M. (Bertha Muzzy) Bower was the first author to make a living writing popular westerns, creating more than sixty novels and hundreds of short stories that were read by millions of Americans. Bower's were among the first westerns adapted to film, and the exploits of her cowboys at the fictional Flying U ranch established a tradition that flourishes to this day. A Montana mother of three, she began writing short stories in 1900, desperate for money that would allow her to leave her unhappy marriage to a cowboy employed by the McNamara ranch.

Discouraged by her editors from publicizing her identity as a woman, Bower's important contribution to American mass culture faded from cultural memory after her death in 1940. Based on extensive research in Bower's personal archives and publishers' records, as well as interviews with some of her descendants, The Bower Atmosphere recounts the remarkable twists and turns of Bower's life, from her beginnings on a Montana cattle ranch to her success as a writer of serial westerns, all the while contending with the conflicting pressures of editors, husbands, children, and her own creative aspirations.



Victoria Lamont is a professor of English at the University of Waterloo. She is the author of Westerns: A Women's History (Nebraska, 2016) and coauthor of Judith Merril: A Critical Study.