The Bajío Revolution

In The Bajío Revolution, John Tutino examines how popular insurgents reshaped Mexico, the US, and global capitalism during the nineteenth century. After detailing New Spain’s silver-driven wealth, Tutino shows how the Bajío insurgency of 1810–1820 broke silver flows and Asian trades, opening markets to industrial cloth made in England of cotton made by enslaved hands in the US South - while Bajío women claimed pivotal roles making maize to sustain families and guerrilla bands. As Mexico gained independence in 1821, mining remained broken while family growers held strong. Then in the 1830s, a new silver-industrial capitalism fed by family maize makers rose in the Bajío. Women still led rural families and took on mill labor; one woman became Mexico’s leading silver capitalist. Facing that competition, in the 1840s the US invaded to claim Texas for cotton and slavery and California for gold. The new Mexican capitalism carried on until the US mobilized gold taken in war to join a global gold standard in the 1870s - blocking Mexico’s independent route to capitalism.