Non-Invasive Neuromodulation of the Central Nervous System

Based on advances in biotechnology and neuroscience, non-invasive neuromodulation devices are poised to gain clinical importance in the coming years and to be of increasing interest to patients, clinicians,health systems, payers, and industry. Evidence suggests that both therapeutic and non-therapeutic applications of non-invasive neuromodulation will continue to expand in coming years, particularly for indications where treatments are currently insufficient, such as drug-resistant depression.Given the growing interest in non-invasive neuromodulation technologies, the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders convened a workshop, inviting a range of stakeholders - including developers of devices and new technologies, researchers, clinicians, ethicists, regulators, and payers - to explore the opportunities, challenges, and ethical questions surrounding the development, regulation, and reimbursement of these devices for the treatment of nervous system disorders as well as for non-therapeutic uses, including cognitive and functional enhancement. This report highlights the presentation and discussion of the workshop.Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Overview of Gaps, Challenges, and Potential Opportunities3 The Science and Technology of Non-Invasive Neuromodulation4 Therapeutic Uses of Non-Invasive Neuromodulation5 Using Non-Invasive Neuromodulation for Diagnosis and Research6 Enhancement of Brain Function and Performance7 Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues8 Regulatory Issues9 Reimbursement Issues10 The Business EnvironmentAppendix A: ReferencesAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Registered Attendees