Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation

BEIR VII develops the most up-to-date and comprehensive risk estimates for cancer and other health effects from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation. It is among the first reports of its kind to include detailed estimates for cancer incidence in addition to cancer mortality. In general, BEIR VII supports previously reported risk estimates for cancer and leukemia, but the availability of new and more extensive data have strengthened confidence in these estimates. A comprehensive review of available biological and biophysical data supports a "linear-no-threshold" (LNT) risk model?that the risk of cancer proceeds in a linear fashion at lower doses without a threshold and that the smallest dose has the potential to cause a small increase in risk to humans. The report is from the Board on Radiation Research Effects that is now part of the newly formed Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board.Table of ContentsFront MatterPublic Summary & Executive Summary1 Background Information2 Molecular and Cellular Responses to Ionizing Radiation3 Radiation-Induced Cancer: Mechanisms, Quantitative ExperimentalStudies and the Role of Genetic Factors4 Heritable Genetic Effects of Radiation in Human Populations5 Background for Epidemiologic Methods6 Atomic Bomb Survivor Studies7 Medical Radiation Studies8 Occupational Radiation Studies9 Environmental Radiation Studies10 Integration of Biology and Epidemiology11 Risk Assessment Models and Methods12 Estimating Cancer Risk13 Summary and Research NeedsAppendix A: Basic Biological and Genetic ConceptsAppendix B: Commetary on "Radiation from Medical Procedures in thePathogenesis of Cancer and Ischemic Heart Disease: Dose-ResponseStudies with Physicians per 100,000 Populations"Appendix C: Issues Raised by the Institute for Energy andEnvironment Research (IEER)Appendix D: HormesisAppendix E: Fifteen-Country Workers StudyReferencesGlossaryCommittee BiographiesIndex