From the Law of Nations to the Emergence of International Law

In this book, Jean-Paul Coujou explores the historical evolution of international law from antiquity through modernity. He traces the development of the law of nations (ius gentium), beginning with Greek and Roman contributions, and examines its synthesis with natural law in Christian and Scholastic traditions. Coujou highlights the role of thinkers like Francisco de Vitoria, who transitioned the concept from individual relationships to the framework of international relations among states.

This work underscores the historical necessity of reconciling natural law's universality with the practicalities of positive law, shaped by human consent and custom. The narrative also incorporates the emergence of foundational principles such as human rights, justice, and mutual assistance among nations, demonstrating how international law has been influenced by theological, legal, and philosophical ideas, particularly during the Second Scholastic period, with contributions from figures like Suárez and Aquinas.

In this manner, Coujou provides a broader understanding of humanity as a universal community governed by shared legal and moral principles. He ultimately argues that international law serves as a mechanism for civilization, fostering unity, justice, and the moral improvement of humanity through cooperative legal development.