Filiaciones culturales y contactos entre las poblaciones Virú-Gallinazo y Mochica (200 AC – 600 DC, costa norte del Perú)

During the pre-Hispanic period, the northern coast of Peru saw the development of numerous societies, such as those of the Virú-Gallinazo and Mochica populations that coexisted during the first millennium of our era. In this region, the morpho-stylistic analysis of ceramics allowed to constitute the chronological sequence commonly accepted, which makes the Virú-Gallinazo and Mochica populations two rival and contemporary societies. However, little is known about their relationship. The research presented here documents the Virú-Gallinazo and Mochica pottery traditions to understand both their origins, filiations, and contacts. This work consisted of studying the modes of manufacture of archaeological ceramics discovered at more than nine sites in the region, preserved at the Ministry of Culture of Peru and various Peruvian, French and American museums. Following the principles of ceramic technology, an innovative methodology for the Central Andes, the traces of manufacture visible on the potteries were studied to define the different steps of the operative chain. This research indicates that these populations had their own technical traditions, and therefore their potters were not anchored in the same learning networks. However, we demonstrate that these populations maintained frequent contacts by exchanging their ceramics, or by moving from one region to another to produce them. These results raise the importance of shifting the focus on ceramic material from a more classical stylistic approach to consider it from the point of view of their production, in order to restore the link between the ceramics, their producers, and the societies to which they belong.