Evaluating Mathematical Programming Techniques

2. APL 3+5 Dyadic functions sucb as +, -, x, +, *, r (max), 8 L (min), and e (log) operate on scalars and 3 4 2+5 1 7 extend to arrays in a systematic manner. Two 8 5 9 array arguments of a function must bave tbe same 3+5 1 7 :shape (ie, vectors must bave tbe same number of 8 4 10 elements, matrices must bave tbe same number of 3r5 1 7 rows and columns). If one argument of a function 5 3 7 is a scalar, it is applied to eacb element of tbe 1 2 3*2 otber argument. 4 1 9 2e1 2 4 8 16 0 2 3 4 1 M 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mx2 2 4 6 8 10 12 M+M 2 4 6 8 10 12 -5 -3 0 2 Monadia funations such as -, I, x -3 5 o 2 (signum), r (ceiling, Le., small- x3 -5 0 2 est integer greater or equal to o -1 1 1 number) ,L (floor, i.e., largest -2.1 r3.5 2 integer less than or equal to -2 4 2 nUllwer) and 0 (pi times) operate -2.1 L3.5 2 on arrays and produce results 3 3 2 with the same shape as the argu- 01 2 3 ment. 3.1416 6.2832 9.4248 3=3 R~/QtionQI functions follow the same rules. The 1 result is 1 for true, 0 for false.