Emerging Viral Diseases

In the past half century, deadly disease outbreaks caused by novel viruses of animal origin - Nipah virus in Malaysia, Hendra virus in Australia, Hantavirus in the United States, Ebola virus in Africa, along with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), several influenza subtypes, and the SARS (sudden acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) coronaviruses - have underscored the urgency of understanding factors influencing viral disease emergence and spread.Emerging Viral Diseases is the summary of a public workshop hosted in March 2014 to examine factors driving the appearance, establishment, and spread of emerging, re-emerging and novel viral diseases; the global health and economic impacts of recently emerging and novel viral diseases in humans; and the scientific and policy approaches to improving domestic and international capacity to detect and respond to global outbreaks of infectious disease. This report is a record of the presentations and discussion of the event.Table of ContentsFront MatterWorkshop OverviewA1 Animal Reservoirs of Middle East Respiratory SyndromeCoronavirus--Jonathan H. Epstein and Kevin J. OlivalA2 Chikungunya at the Door - Dj Vu All Over Again?--David M. Morensand Anthony S. FauciA3 Emerging Infectious Diseases: Threats to Human Health and GlobalStability--David M. Morens and Anthony S. FauciA4 Emerging Infectious Diseases in 2012: 20 Years After theInstitute of Medicine Report--David M. Morens and Anthony S. FauciA5 Pandemic Preparedness and Response - Lessons from the H1N1Influenza of 2009--Harvey V. FinebergA6 Studying Zoonotic Diseases in the Natural Host--John W.Lowenthal, Michelle L. Baker, Cameron R. Stewart, ChristopherCowled, Celine Deffrasnes, Lin-Fa Wang, and Andrew G. D. BeanA7 Medusa's Ugly Head Again: From SARS to MERS-CoV--Trish M. Perl,Allison McGeer, and Connie Savor PriceA8 The Relationship Between Eco-social System Changes, theAnimalHuman Interface, and Viral Disease Emergence--Dirk U.PfeifferA9 From Risk Analysis to Risk Governance - Adapting to an Ever MoreComplex Future--Dirk U. PfeifferA10 A One Health Perspective on HPAI H5N1 in the Greater MekongSub-region--Dirk U. Pfeiffer, Martin J. Otte, David Roland-Holst,and David ZilbermanA11 Zoonosis Emergence Linked to Agricultural Intensification andEnvironmental Change--Bryony A. Jones, Delia Grace, Richard Kock,Silvia Alonso, Jonathan Rushton, Mohammed Y. Said, Declan McKeever,Florence Mutua, Jarrah Young, John McDermott, and Dirk U. PfeifferA12 Global Trends in Emerging Viral Diseases of WildlifeOrigin--Jonathan Sleeman and Hon IpA13 Role of Poultry in Spread of Novel H7N9 Influenza Virus inChina--Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood, Patti J. Miller, Erica Spackman,David E. Swayne, Leonardo Susta, Mar Costa-Hurtado, and David L.SuarezAppendix B: AgendaAppendix C: AcronymsAppendix D: GlossaryAppendix E: Speaker Biographies