Cross-Cultural Conceptual Study of the Emotion of ??? in the Hebrew Bible and the Folk Theory of the Emotion of Ngoo in the Kikamba Language

Communication requires more than a lexical understanding of words. Language relies on the background understanding of the speaker and hearer - an understanding that cannot be taken for granted when communicating cross-culturally. In this study, Dr. George Mbithi Mutuku brings to life a deeper understanding of emotion, specifically anger, in the Hebrew Bible. Utilizing frame semantics and undertaking a comparative study of ??? and ngoo as conceptualized in Hebrew and Akamba cultures, respectively, Mutuku argues that ngoo would have been the best rendering for the Hebrew concept ??? in the Kikamba Bible. So doing, he demonstrates the value of exploring words and meanings in their cultural contexts and offers a powerful warning against the assumption that any word even the word of God carries universal meaning divorced from that context. He reminds us that God s word is communicated to us cross-culturally, so we must take seriously the responsibility of transferring its meaning across languages.