Artificial Intelligence in Health Care

The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care offers unprecedented opportunities to improve patient and clinical team outcomes, reduce costs, and impact population health. While there have been a number of promising examples of AI applications in health care, it is imperative to proceed with caution or risk the potential of user disillusionment, another AI winter, or further exacerbation of existing health- and technology-driven disparities.This Special Publication synthesizes current knowledge to offer a reference document for relevant health care stakeholders. It outlines the current and near-term AI solutions; highlights the challenges, limitations, and best practices for AI development, adoption, and maintenance; offers an overview of the legal and regulatory landscape for AI tools designed for health care application; prioritizes the need for equity, inclusion, and a human rights lens for this work; and outlines key considerations for moving forward.AI is poised to make transformative and disruptive advances in health care, but it is prudent to balance the need for thoughtful, inclusive health care AI that plans for and actively manages and reduces potential unintended consequences, while not yielding to marketing hype and profit motives.Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: The Hope, the Hype, thePromise, the Peril2 Overview of Current Artificial Intelligence3 How Artificial Intelligence Is Changing Health and Health Care4 Potential Trade-Offs and Unintended Consequences of ArtificialIntelligence5 Artificial Intelligence Model Development and Validation6 Deploying Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Settings7 Health Care Artificial Intelligence: Law, Regulation, and Policy8 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Hope Not Hype, PromiseNot PerilAppendix A: Additional Key Reference MaterialsAppendix B: Workshop Agenda and Participant ListAppendix C: Author Biographies